Brown the beef in batches. You want caramelized little bits—color means flavor. Don’t overcrowd the pot or you’ll steam the beef instead of sear it.
Sweat the aromatics. Onions soften, garlic blooms, and cumin wakes up.
Reintroduce the beef with chiles. Soak or rehydrate dried chiles first to release their oils and depth.
Add liquid and simmer low and slow. Aim for a gentle bubble, not a raging boil.
Adjust and finish. Taste, balance salt, acidity, and spice. A little chocolate or masa can round things out.